Authorities say Aaron Mitchell broke through a security perimeter on Saturday during the "Man" burn event.
Image caption A Burning Man Ranger guards the inner perimeter around the effigy of the "Man" burn
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Image caption A city of tents houses 68,000 people every year at Burning Man Festival
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In a statement, Pershing County Sheriff Jerry Allen said that Aaron Mitchell was a US citizen who lived in Switzerland with his wife. Police say he ran through two sets of security guards before running into the fire.
Fire crews say they couldn't get to him straight away because of burning wood falling from the structure. They had to wait for it to collapse before attempting to rescue him.
According to medical staff, the man wasn't under the influence of alcohol and toxicology tests are still taking place. Sheriff Jerry Allen's statement said: "Our hearts and prayers go out to Aaron's family during this unexpected tragedy.
"[This is a tragedy] for juveniles who are allowed to attend the festival and may not have the same coping skills as adults do when they see something this tragic happen before their eyes."
Burning Man describes itself as a community and takes place in Black Rock Desert in Nevada. It says it's influenced by 10 main principles including civic responsibility, participation, immediacy and "leaving no trace".
It launched in 1986 in San Francisco but switched to Nevada for a separate event in 1990.